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31 Results

Type: Article

Section: Testing > Sun Protection

Quantifying Benzophenone-3 and Octyl Methoxycinnamate in Sunscreen Emulsions

The authors have validated a high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for the quantitative determination of benzophenone- 3 and octyl methoxycinnamate present in sunscreen emulsions.

Interpretation of SPF In vivo Results: Analysis and Statistical Explanation

Methods for determining SPF in vivo are based on a biological response by human skin. To overcome intrinsic variation in these methods, large numbers of volunteers and statistics are required; however, these concepts are often poorly understood or worse, misinterpreted. This article discusses how these values should be interpreted and explains what they mean to formulators.

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Interpretation of SPF In vivo Results: Analysis and Statistical Explanation

Methods for determining SPF in vivo are based on a biological response by human skin. To overcome intrinsic variation in these methods, large numbers of volunteers and statistics are required; however, these concepts are often poorly understood or worse, misinterpreted. This article discusses how these values should be interpreted and explains what they mean to formulators.

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What is Light? A Brief History of Light and Its Behavior

This primer provides cosmetic scientists, engineers and physicists with an understanding of light. The quantum mechanics of history continue today as a guiding paradigm for computers, satellites and mobile communications, in addition to the cosmetically related fields of photoprotection and visual effects imparted through makeup to change appearance.

Determination of the In Vitro SPF

A ring test at six European test centers showed that SPF evaluations with good reproducibility and comparability could be obtained by an in vitro protocol measuring either transmittance or erythema-effective irradiance of product samples applied on PMMA plates.

Comparatively Speaking: SPF and Calculated SPF

In order to prepare the industry for the upcoming Sunscreen Symposium, organized by the Florida chapter of the Society of Cosmetic Chemists, industry expert Tony O’Lenick asks Dennis Lott to explain the difference between SPF and calculated SPF. This is the first of two columns on sun protection.

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In Light of Exposure: Understanding Avobenzone Part I, Characterization

Avobenzone is a widely used UV-absorbing organic filter. Its dynamic nature and photophysical and photochemical properties are responsible for its widespread use. This first in a two-part series reviews its inherent characteristics and behavior in solvents; part two will consider its behavior with other sunscreens and in formulas.

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In Light of Exposure: Understanding Avobenzone Part II, Application

Avobenzone is a widely used organic UV filter. Its dynamic nature and unique properties are responsible for its widespread use and forms. This second in a two-part series considers avobenzone’s behavior with other sunscreens and in formulas; part one reviewed its characteristics and behavior in solvents.

Influence of Pressure During Spreading on UV Transmission Results

This work evaluates the impact of applied pressure during sample spreading on the in vitro measurement of UV transmission. The authors work in a range of pressures between 50–200 g and demonstrate that pressure control is a key parameter that should be strictly controlled to ensure the reliability of test results.

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Influence of Pressure During Spreading on UV Transmission Results

This work evaluates the impact of applied pressure during sample spreading on the in vitro measurement of UV transmission. The authors work in a range of pressures between 50–200 g and demonstrate that pressure control is a key parameter that should be strictly controlled to ensure the reliability of test results.

UV Transmission Assessment: Influence of Temperature on Substrate Surface

This work evaluates the impact of temperature on test substrate surfaces during the application, spreading and drying steps of the in vitro method to measure ultraviolet (UV) transmission. The authors work in a range of temperatures, between 20°C to 35°C, and demonstrate that controlling temperature is a key parameter and should be strictly controlled to ensure reliability.

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Editor's Note: Discontinuity and Your Inner Innovator

One innovative mash-up has been capturing consumer dollars: multifunctional color cosmetics. Whether fortified with SPF or moisturizing properties, makeup with added benefits is driving color sales. In relation, this month, we've created our own color and sun mash-up.

UV Transmission Assessment: Influence of Temperature on Substrate Surface

This work evaluates the impact of temperature on test substrate surfaces during the application, spreading and drying steps of the in vitro method to measure ultraviolet (UV) transmission. The authors work in a range between 20°C and 35°C, and demonstrate that controlling temperature is a key test parameter that should be strictly controlled to ensure reliability.

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Sandblasting to Improve the Reproducibility of In vitro Sunscreen Evaluation

SPF test results from substrates treated using a traditional sandblasting technique are compared with those from substrates treated using a new process. Based on the topographic control of 10 batches and 34 sunscreen evaluations, the authors concluded the new process had better topographic reproducibility, consequently improving the SPF repeatability and reproducibility in vitro.

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Improving the UV Exposure of Sunscreen During In vitro Testing

In any sun protection evaluation method, an irradiation step is required to determine the photostability of the UV filters in a product. The aim of this study was to identify key parameters involved to improve this UV exposure. Here, the authors consider temperature at the substrate surface, air flow influence and beam uniformity during UV exposition.

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Letter to the Editor: Criticisms of 'Safer Solar Protection' Article

"My feeling is that the paper by Stanek and Gupta, in its present form, might add to the sunscreen confusion." In this letter to the editor, Paolo Giacomoni, Ph.D., provides his opinion on what the authors missed.

Quantifying Sunscreens and Preservatives in Cosmetic Products

The authors propose and validate an HPLC method for simultaneous quantitation of commonly used commercial sunscreen actives and preservatives in cosmetic emulsions.

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In vitro/vivo SPF Correlation and Repeatability According to Substrate

This work evaluates the impact of three different substrates on in vitro SPF measurements, and defines experimental conditions to improve their correlation with in vivo values. Evaluations of 32 products, shown here, led the authors to conclude that molded substrates improved repeatability and correlation with in vivo SPF values.

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