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Type: Article

Effect of Oil Type on Stability of W/O/W Emulsions

The behavior of the w/o/w emulsion system and the stability of the oil membrane depend on the type of oil used to make the emulsion. Conductimetric analysis of the release of entrapped marker magnesium sulfate showed that the highest release of the marker occurred in emulsions based on oils from the triglyceride group. Emulsions based on hydrocarbon oils showed the best stability.

Properties of Emulsions: Structure and Skin Penetration

This work studied the influence of emulsion type and structure on the penetration of vitamins as cosmetic active ingredients. An emulsion of the w/o type and two different o/w emulsions were compared with an oil solution as a standard. A systematic in vitro study of penetration into the stratum corneum and the living skin was performed with the isolated perfused bovide udder skin model. The results substantiate the influence of emulsion type and stucture on the degree of penetration of water-soluble and oil-soluble vitamins into the skin.

Nanoemulsions vs. Emulsions in the Delivery of Coenzyme Q10 and Tocopheryl Acetate

This article compares the ability of mixed emulsifier nanoemulsions and polysorbate 60 emulsions to deliver coenzyme Q10 and tocopheryl acetate into the skin. In vitro skin penetration data shows that in newborn pig skin, nanoemulsions can deliver higher amounts of both actives than emulsions.

Correlating the Structure and Rheology of Lamellar Liquid Crystalline Phases in Emulsions

This paper describes the correlation between the structure of liquid crystalline phases in emulsions and their rheological characteristics. An oleosome/lipophilic liquid crystalline-forming system and hydrosome/hydrophilic liquid crystalline-forming system were investigated. At the same high shear rate viscosity, the oleosome-system showed less thixotropy and rapid recovery when compared with the hydrosome-system.

Properties of a Pseudoceramide Multi-Lamellar Emulsion In Vitro and In Vivo

Tests of a pseudoceramide multi-lamellar emulsion formulation for its stability and its assistance to barrier recovery in vivo on damaged skin suggest dermatologic and cosmetic possibilities.

Nanoemulsions vs. Emulsions in the Delivery of Coenzyme Q10 and Tocopheryl Acetate

This article compares the ability of mixed emulsifier nanoemulsions and polysorbate 60 emulsions to deliver coenzyme Q10 and tocopheryl acetate into the skin. In vitro skin penetration data shows that in newborn pig skin, nanoemulsions can deliver higher amounts of both actives than emulsions.

Types of Skin Aging

The process of skin aging is complex and multifactorial, as structural, functional and aesthetic changes happen at a variable rate. It is misleading to consider skin aging as a uniform biological event; several distinct biological processes may occur concurrently. There are five types of skin aging, including: intrinsic, extrinsic, lifestyle, hormonal or catabolic.

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Comparatively Speaking: Types of Flow Behavior

The following excerpt is adapted from an article by Kelly Dobos of Kao Corp. that discusses fluid viscosity of cosmetic products, specifically types of flow behavior, which can be used by the formulator to determine the rheological properties of formulations.

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Cold Processing of Emulsions

The use and application of emulsions and emulsion science are widespread through the personal care industry. Conventional methods for processing emulsions require significant quantities of energy and time, thus cold process emulsion technologies have gained popularity. These provide the means to reduce both the energy demand and timescale of manufacturing processes, as will be described here.

Consumer Perspective—Skin Types and Sensory Experience

Sophisticated texture and fragrance as part of a formulation’s aesthetics are important to the discerning consumer, and skin type is the primary influence behind how the consumer perceives a skin care product. For example, consumers with dry skin require a richer moisturizer, even though the product should absorb quickly for a smooth finish.

Properties of Surfactants: Emulsions

The metastable nature of two insoluble materials is critical to understanding the nature and performance of emulsions. This metastability and the requirement that the emulsion be cosmetically appealing offer unique challenges to the formulator.

Cold Processing of Emulsions

The use and application of emulsions and emulsion science are widespread through the personal care industry. Conventional methods for processing emulsions require significant quantities of energy and time, thus cold process emulsion technologies have gained popularity. These provide the means to reduce both the energy demand and timescale of manufacturing processes, as will be described here.

Liquid Crystals and Emulsions: A Wonderful Marriage

The science of emulsion formulation has, in recent years, taken great leaps forward as we have begun to increase our understanding of the mechanisms, on the micro level, that are responsible for producing stable emulsions.

Nonaqueous Emulsions: History and Current Specialized Applications

Since the early 1980s, nonaqueous emulsions have attracted technical interest as potential vehicles and delivery systems for personal care products. This is due to the development of a broad range of silicone-based emulsifiers, silicone polymers and other polymeric emulsifiers that have enabled their use. This article will briefly review their history and evolution into current-day specialized applications.

Visualizing the Impact of Emulsifiers on Emulsion Perception

This paper describes an approach to systematically investigate the intrinsic effects of emulsifiers, quantify them and translate them into consumer preferences. These are processed mathematically and displayed in a simplified, two-dimensional map to assist formulation work.

Assessing the Impact of Hair Damage Types on Color Retention

This article reviews and assesses damage types caused to hair before and after artificial coloration, i.e., by bleaching, perming, heat treatment, UV exposure and shampooing, to compare how they impact color durability individually and combined. Formulation emerges as the key to designing shampoos that efficiently deliver actives to improve color protection against these and other damage types.

Properties of O/W Emulsions with Anisotropic Lamellar Phases

In cosmetic and pharmaceutical creams and lotions, fatty alcohols are well-known as viscosity modifiers. In addition, Schulmann and Cockbain found that the stability of oil-in-water emulsions was greatly increased by addition of cetyl alcohol.

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The Perplexing Topic of Hair 'Type': How Do We Classify Hair?

Most hair-related properties and issues can be rationalized by fiber size and shape, and/or the consequences of extreme conditions. However, the varying reactivity of different hair types with chemical treatments suggests potential differences in structure.

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