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821 Results
Type: Article
Section: Research
Literature/Data
Effect of Oil Type on Stability of W/O/W Emulsions
The behavior of the w/o/w emulsion system and the stability of the oil membrane depend on the type of oil used to make the emulsion. Conductimetric analysis of the release of entrapped marker magnesium sulfate showed that the highest release of the marker occurred in emulsions based on oils from the triglyceride group. Emulsions based on hydrocarbon oils showed the best stability.
Methods/Tools
Properties of Emulsions: Structure and Skin Penetration
This work studied the influence of emulsion type and structure on the penetration of vitamins as cosmetic active ingredients. An emulsion of the w/o type and two different o/w emulsions were compared with an oil solution as a standard. A systematic in vitro study of penetration into the stratum corneum and the living skin was performed with the isolated perfused bovide udder skin model. The results substantiate the influence of emulsion type and stucture on the degree of penetration of water-soluble and oil-soluble vitamins into the skin.
Method/Process
Properties of a Pseudoceramide Multi-Lamellar Emulsion In Vitro and In Vivo
Tests of a pseudoceramide multi-lamellar emulsion formulation for its stability and its assistance to barrier recovery in vivo on damaged skin suggest dermatologic and cosmetic possibilities.
Literature/Data
Types of Skin Aging
The process of skin aging is complex and multifactorial, as structural, functional and aesthetic changes happen at a variable rate. It is misleading to consider skin aging as a uniform biological event; several distinct biological processes may occur concurrently. There are five types of skin aging, including: intrinsic, extrinsic, lifestyle, hormonal or catabolic.
Methods/Tools
Cold Processing of Emulsions
The use and application of emulsions and emulsion science are widespread through the personal care industry. Conventional methods for processing emulsions require significant quantities of energy and time, thus cold process emulsion technologies have gained popularity. These provide the means to reduce both the energy demand and timescale of manufacturing processes, as will be described here.
Literature/Data
Comparatively Speaking: Types of Flow Behavior
The following excerpt is adapted from an article by Kelly Dobos of Kao Corp. that discusses fluid viscosity of cosmetic products, specifically types of flow behavior, which can be used by the formulator to determine the rheological properties of formulations.
Cleansing
Properties of Surfactants: Emulsions
The metastable nature of two insoluble materials is critical to understanding the nature and performance of emulsions. This metastability and the requirement that the emulsion be cosmetically appealing offer unique challenges to the formulator.
Methods/Tools
Cold Processing of Emulsions
The use and application of emulsions and emulsion science are widespread through the personal care industry. Conventional methods for processing emulsions require significant quantities of energy and time, thus cold process emulsion technologies have gained popularity. These provide the means to reduce both the energy demand and timescale of manufacturing processes, as will be described here.
Literature/Data
Consumer Perspective—Skin Types and Sensory Experience
Sophisticated texture and fragrance as part of a formulation’s aesthetics are important to the discerning consumer, and skin type is the primary influence behind how the consumer perceives a skin care product. For example, consumers with dry skin require a richer moisturizer, even though the product should absorb quickly for a smooth finish.
Literature/Data
Liquid Crystals and Emulsions: A Wonderful Marriage
The science of emulsion formulation has, in recent years, taken great leaps forward as we have begun to increase our understanding of the mechanisms, on the micro level, that are responsible for producing stable emulsions.
Methods/Tools
Visualizing the Impact of Emulsifiers on Emulsion Perception
This paper describes an approach to systematically investigate the intrinsic effects of emulsifiers, quantify them and translate them into consumer preferences. These are processed mathematically and displayed in a simplified, two-dimensional map to assist formulation work.
Methods/Tools
Properties of O/W Emulsions with Anisotropic Lamellar Phases
In cosmetic and pharmaceutical creams and lotions, fatty alcohols are well-known as viscosity modifiers. In addition, Schulmann and Cockbain found that the stability of oil-in-water emulsions was greatly increased by addition of cetyl alcohol.
Literature/Data
Comparatively Speaking: O/W, W/O, Micro, Pickering and Suspo Emulsions
In this installment of his "Comparatively Speaking" series, industry expert Tony O'Lenick compares emulsion types for the benefit of novice formulators.
Methods/Tools
Visualizing the Impact of Emulsifiers on Emulsion Perception
This paper describes an approach to systematically investigate the intrinsic effects of emulsifiers, quantify them and translate them into consumer preferences. These are processed mathematically and displayed in a simplified, two-dimensional map to assist formulation work.
Sensory
The Perplexing Topic of Hair 'Type': How Do We Classify Hair?
Most hair-related properties and issues can be rationalized by fiber size and shape, and/or the consequences of extreme conditions. However, the varying reactivity of different hair types with chemical treatments suggests potential differences in structure.
Literature/Data
Nature-derived Care for Sensitive and Difficult-to-treat Skin Types
A number of consumers can be classified as having difficult-to-treat skin types, being both dry and oily and prone to periodical inflammation in specific areas. New active ingredients derived from nature provide gentle yet efficacious solutions to address these needs. These skin types and solutions are addressed herein.
Literature/Data
Patent Pick: α-Gel Intermediate and O/W Emulsion
Patent Picks are chosen by the editors from publicly available sources. Today's invention, from Shiseido, relates to an α-gel intermediate and its use to create stable o/w emulsions that do not require a cooling device.
Literature/Data
Emulsions Including Cross-Linked Oil Drops and Other Topics
Trommer et al have published on the effects of hyaluronan (sodium hyaluronate) and its fragments on lipid models exposed to UV irradiation.
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