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Section: Testing > Sun Protection
Sun Protection
Improving the UV Exposure of Sunscreen During In vitro Testing
In any sun protection evaluation method, an irradiation step is required to determine the photostability of the UV filters in a product. The aim of this study was to identify key parameters involved to improve this UV exposure. Here, the authors consider temperature at the substrate surface, air flow influence and beam uniformity during UV exposition.
Method/Process
Method to Reproduce In vitro Cosmetic Product Photostability Findings
The present article describes a reproducible method for determining the photostability of sunscreen products. This method is based in part on the in vitro determination of the UVA protection factor as proposed by Colipa for the irradiation aspect, and on the spectroscopy of a sunscreen in dilute solution for the absorbance measurement aspect.
Sun Protection
Sandblasting to Improve the Reproducibility of In vitro Sunscreen Evaluation
SPF test results from substrates treated using a traditional sandblasting technique are compared with those from substrates treated using a new process. Based on the topographic control of 10 batches and 34 sunscreen evaluations, the authors concluded the new process had better topographic reproducibility, consequently improving the SPF repeatability and reproducibility in vitro.
SPF/Sun
FDA Publishes Opinion on Two Sunscreen TEAs and Is Urged for More Action by PASS
The end of February was busy for the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), which published two letters on the Time and Extent Applications (TEAs) for diethylhexyl butamido triazone (Uvasorb HEB) and amiloxate (Neo Heliopan E 1000), finding insufficient scientific evidence to claim either as generally recognized as safe and effective (GRASE) and denying their addition to the OTC Sunscreen Monograph.
Sun Protection
Influence of Pressure During Spreading on UV Transmission Results
This work evaluates the impact of applied pressure during sample spreading on the in vitro measurement of UV transmission. The authors work in a range of pressures between 50–200 g and demonstrate that pressure control is a key parameter that should be strictly controlled to ensure the reliability of test results.
Sun Protection
Influence of Pressure During Spreading on UV Transmission Results
This work evaluates the impact of applied pressure during sample spreading on the in vitro measurement of UV transmission. The authors work in a range of pressures between 50–200 g and demonstrate that pressure control is a key parameter that should be strictly controlled to ensure the reliability of test results.
Color Cosmetics
Cosme-phenomenology
According to Merriam-Webster, phenomenology is the study of consciousness and self-awareness as a philosophy. Putting this with epidermic led me to what the industry now considers wellness and corneocare, which Steventon describes.
Sun Protection
In Vitro UV Testing—Robot vs. Human Spreading for Repeatable, Reproducible Results
Repeatability and reproducibility are crucial to validate any test method. In order to master these criteria, the authors developed an automated spreading device and compared it with human spreading. Application of the device in eight laboratories and using 36 sunscreens revealed great improvements via automated spreading, ensuring good intra- and inter-laboratory variability.
Sun Protection
In Vitro UV Testing—Robot vs. Human Spreading for Repeatable, Reproducible Results
Repeatability and reproducibility are crucial to validate any test method. In order to master these criteria, the authors developed an automated spreading device and compared it with human spreading. Application of the device in eight laboratories and using 36 sunscreens revealed great improvements via automated spreading, ensuring good intra- and inter-laboratory variability.
Sun Protection
In vitro/vivo SPF Correlation and Repeatability According to Substrate
This work evaluates the impact of three different substrates on in vitro SPF measurements, and defines experimental conditions to improve their correlation with in vivo values. Evaluations of 32 products, shown here, led the authors to conclude that molded substrates improved repeatability and correlation with in vivo SPF values.
Sun Protection
Testing SPF 15–100, Indoor vs. Outdoor
Lab tests on sunscreens show it takes more energy to produce mild erythema on protected skin than unprotected skin. Yet the FDA questions the need for SPFs higher than 50. In response, two outdoor studies were conducted using commercial products to challenge standing premises and determine if there is a measurable difference in an SPF 100 and SPFs of 50 or less.
Sun Protection
Solar Flair
If like me, you’re just daydreaming of the beach, this collection of articles will enlighten you with its focus on sun protection, SPF testing, damage repair and more.
Sun Protection
In vitro/vivo SPF Correlation and Repeatability According to Substrate
This work evaluates the impact of three different substrates on in vitro SPF measurements, and defines experimental conditions to improve their correlation with in vivo values. Evaluations of 32 products, shown here, led the authors to conclude that molded substrates improved repeatability and correlation with in vivo SPF values.
Sun Protection
Testing SPF 15–100, Indoor vs. Outdoor
Lab tests on sunscreens show it takes more energy to produce mild erythema on protected skin than unprotected skin. Yet the FDA questions the need for SPFs higher than 50. In response, two outdoor studies were conducted using commercial products to challenge standing premises and determine if there is a measurable difference in an SPF 100 and SPFs of 50 or less.
Sun Protection
Testing Sun Protection Factor on Skin
There are various test methods set by global governing bodies for SPF protection, but this article will discuss the five time-point internationally approved ISO 24444 method.
Actives
Research Pathways to Photostable Sunscreens
This article provides a visual depiction of pathways that UV filters undergo when exposed to solar radiation; such pathways often lead to photo-instability. A fluorescence technique is described that has led the author to identify compounds that preserve photostability in a novel manner— by quenching the UV filter’s singlet excited state.
Sun Protection
Characterizing Roughness: A New Substrate to Measure SPF
Here, the authors describe a variable that affects the results of SPF testing in vitro—the roughness parameter—and investigate this variable using standard and molded poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) substrates. They conclude that use of a molded substrate, along with the described control chart, improves the reproducibility of in vitro SPF test results.
Sensory
UV Transmission Assessment: Influence of Temperature on Substrate Surface
This work evaluates the impact of temperature on test substrate surfaces during the application, spreading and drying steps of the in vitro method to measure ultraviolet (UV) transmission. The authors work in a range between 20°C and 35°C, and demonstrate that controlling temperature is a key test parameter that should be strictly controlled to ensure reliability.
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