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Type: Article

Comparatively Speaking: Wetting vs. Superwetting

In this edition of "Comparatively Speaking," industry expert Tony O'Lenick discusses the terms wetting and superwetting in relation to the ability of a surfactant to wet a substrate.

Comparatively Speaking: GLC vs. GPC

Tony O'Lenick explains the difference between two types of chromatography: gas liquid chromatography (GLC) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC), both used to separate compounds in mixtures.

Comparatively Speaking: Amide vs. Protein

Proteins are made in living systems at low temperatures using enzymes. Low molecular weight proteins, referred to as polypeptides, can also be man-made.

Comparatively Speaking: Urethanes vs. Amides

Industry expert Tony O'Lenick explains that urethanes and amides differ in structure, in the raw materials used to make them, and in their function in cosmetic formulations.

Compass--Everything Under the Sun

Sunscreen potions, self-tanners and bronzing dusts proliferate as northern regions cycle into summer. Some consumers want a tanned, summer glow to their skin, while others demand safeguarding from UV radiation as skin cancer cases continue to rise worldwide.

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Comparatively Speaking: Genome vs. Epigenome

Reviving our highly popular "Comparatively Speaking" column, here, Tony O'Lenick asks Howard Epstein, Ph.D.: "What's the difference between the genome and the epigenome?" Read on to learn more.

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Comparatively Speaking: Soluble vs. Insoluble

What’s the difference between something that is soluble vs. insoluble? Tony O’Lenick explores this notion. At first, he writes, this may seem quite simple but a deeper investigation provides formulation insight.

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Scale-up Success Requires Compromise

The in-cosmetics Global technical session on scale-up success was, in and of itself, a scale-up success as it left standing room only for a crowd of attendees eager to learn tips, tricks and best practices.

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Comparatively Speaking: PPG vs. PEG

The chemistry of PEG, PPG or combinations thereof have an impact on the functional properties of formulas. Knowledge of these materials will help the chemist understand both the effects of reacting these materials on fatty alcohols as well as the performance of emulsifiers and wetting agents.

Comparatively Speaking: Density vs. Specific Gravity

This edition of "Comparatively Speaking" by industry expert Tony O'Lenick compares a product's density with its specific gravity, which are important measurements for formulators to understand especially when considering product specifications.

Comparatively Speaking: CMC vs. RF50

Industry expert Tony O'Lenick refers to his son and polymer scientist at the University of Tennessee, Thomas O'Lenick, to explain the difference between critical micelle concentration and reduction factor 50% (RF50) with regard to measuring silicone surfactant effectiveness.

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Comparatively Speaking: Inflammation vs. Allergy

Are you formulating for sensitive skin? Or is it really normal skin undergoing a typical inflammatory response? Where do allergic reactions fit in? In this edition of "Comparatively Speaking," Nava Dayan, Ph.D., explains.

Comparatively Speaking: Adsorption vs. Absorption

Tony O’Lenick explains the difference between absorption and adsorption for the benefit of novice formulators.

Comparatively Speaking: Emollient vs. Humectant

An emollient is a material that soothes and softens the skin. Most emollients used in personal care are lipids or silicones. Similarly, a humectant helps retain moisture in skin.

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Comparatively Speaking: Formulating by Numbers

What's the difference between a good and a great article? According to Tony O'Lenick, the latter gives readers the bottom line in a no-nonsense format. He illustrates with this "formulating by numbers" article, written around tables and geared toward chemists.

Compass: Shedding Light on Sun

Sun protection is one of the most controversial topics in personal care today since it’s difficult to measure, and even fundamental assumptions are now being called into question.

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Comparatively Speaking: Silicon Dioxide, Silicon and Silicone

This column is intended to provide an understanding of the relationships between these raw materials and the silicones found in personal care.

Silicone Compounds–New Formulation Possibilities

Tapping into little understood products selected from a class of well known compounds can provide formulation advantages. PEG/PPG dimethicone compounds, alkyl dimethicone compounds and alkyl PEG/PPG dimethicone compounds are three classes of compounds that offer far more utility in personal care products than is generally appreciated by formulators.

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