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5,137 Results
Literature/Data
Effect of Oil Type on Stability of W/O/W Emulsions
The behavior of the w/o/w emulsion system and the stability of the oil membrane depend on the type of oil used to make the emulsion. Conductimetric analysis of the release of entrapped marker magnesium sulfate showed that the highest release of the marker occurred in emulsions based on oils from the triglyceride group. Emulsions based on hydrocarbon oils showed the best stability.
Methods/Tools
Properties of Emulsions: Structure and Skin Penetration
This work studied the influence of emulsion type and structure on the penetration of vitamins as cosmetic active ingredients. An emulsion of the w/o type and two different o/w emulsions were compared with an oil solution as a standard. A systematic in vitro study of penetration into the stratum corneum and the living skin was performed with the isolated perfused bovide udder skin model. The results substantiate the influence of emulsion type and stucture on the degree of penetration of water-soluble and oil-soluble vitamins into the skin.
Cosmetic Ingredients
Nanoemulsions vs. Emulsions in the Delivery of Coenzyme Q10 and Tocopheryl Acetate
This article compares the ability of mixed emulsifier nanoemulsions and polysorbate 60 emulsions to deliver coenzyme Q10 and tocopheryl acetate into the skin. In vitro skin penetration data shows that in newborn pig skin, nanoemulsions can deliver higher amounts of both actives than emulsions.
Method/Process
Properties of a Pseudoceramide Multi-Lamellar Emulsion In Vitro and In Vivo
Tests of a pseudoceramide multi-lamellar emulsion formulation for its stability and its assistance to barrier recovery in vivo on damaged skin suggest dermatologic and cosmetic possibilities.
Rheology/Thickener
Correlating the Structure and Rheology of Lamellar Liquid Crystalline Phases in Emulsions
This paper describes the correlation between the structure of liquid crystalline phases in emulsions and their rheological characteristics. An oleosome/lipophilic liquid crystalline-forming system and hydrosome/hydrophilic liquid crystalline-forming system were investigated. At the same high shear rate viscosity, the oleosome-system showed less thixotropy and rapid recovery when compared with the hydrosome-system.
Cosmetic Ingredients
Nanoemulsions vs. Emulsions in the Delivery of Coenzyme Q10 and Tocopheryl Acetate
This article compares the ability of mixed emulsifier nanoemulsions and polysorbate 60 emulsions to deliver coenzyme Q10 and tocopheryl acetate into the skin. In vitro skin penetration data shows that in newborn pig skin, nanoemulsions can deliver higher amounts of both actives than emulsions.
Literature/Data
Types of Skin Aging
The process of skin aging is complex and multifactorial, as structural, functional and aesthetic changes happen at a variable rate. It is misleading to consider skin aging as a uniform biological event; several distinct biological processes may occur concurrently. There are five types of skin aging, including: intrinsic, extrinsic, lifestyle, hormonal or catabolic.
Methods/Tools
Cold Processing of Emulsions
The use and application of emulsions and emulsion science are widespread through the personal care industry. Conventional methods for processing emulsions require significant quantities of energy and time, thus cold process emulsion technologies have gained popularity. These provide the means to reduce both the energy demand and timescale of manufacturing processes, as will be described here.
Literature/Data
Comparatively Speaking: Types of Flow Behavior
The following excerpt is adapted from an article by Kelly Dobos of Kao Corp. that discusses fluid viscosity of cosmetic products, specifically types of flow behavior, which can be used by the formulator to determine the rheological properties of formulations.
Literature/Data
Consumer Perspective—Skin Types and Sensory Experience
Sophisticated texture and fragrance as part of a formulation’s aesthetics are important to the discerning consumer, and skin type is the primary influence behind how the consumer perceives a skin care product. For example, consumers with dry skin require a richer moisturizer, even though the product should absorb quickly for a smooth finish.
Cleansing
Properties of Surfactants: Emulsions
The metastable nature of two insoluble materials is critical to understanding the nature and performance of emulsions. This metastability and the requirement that the emulsion be cosmetically appealing offer unique challenges to the formulator.
Methods/Tools
Cold Processing of Emulsions
The use and application of emulsions and emulsion science are widespread through the personal care industry. Conventional methods for processing emulsions require significant quantities of energy and time, thus cold process emulsion technologies have gained popularity. These provide the means to reduce both the energy demand and timescale of manufacturing processes, as will be described here.
Literature/Data
Liquid Crystals and Emulsions: A Wonderful Marriage
The science of emulsion formulation has, in recent years, taken great leaps forward as we have begun to increase our understanding of the mechanisms, on the micro level, that are responsible for producing stable emulsions.
Calendar
Practical Basics and Theory in Emulsion Technology
Feb 10th, 2009
Feb 10th, 2009
Methods/Tools
Visualizing the Impact of Emulsifiers on Emulsion Perception
This paper describes an approach to systematically investigate the intrinsic effects of emulsifiers, quantify them and translate them into consumer preferences. These are processed mathematically and displayed in a simplified, two-dimensional map to assist formulation work.
Skin Care
Nonaqueous Emulsions: History and Current Specialized Applications
Since the early 1980s, nonaqueous emulsions have attracted technical interest as potential vehicles and delivery systems for personal care products. This is due to the development of a broad range of silicone-based emulsifiers, silicone polymers and other polymeric emulsifiers that have enabled their use. This article will briefly review their history and evolution into current-day specialized applications.
Methods/Tools
Properties of O/W Emulsions with Anisotropic Lamellar Phases
In cosmetic and pharmaceutical creams and lotions, fatty alcohols are well-known as viscosity modifiers. In addition, Schulmann and Cockbain found that the stability of oil-in-water emulsions was greatly increased by addition of cetyl alcohol.
Method/Process
Assessing the Impact of Hair Damage Types on Color Retention
This article reviews and assesses damage types caused to hair before and after artificial coloration, i.e., by bleaching, perming, heat treatment, UV exposure and shampooing, to compare how they impact color durability individually and combined. Formulation emerges as the key to designing shampoos that efficiently deliver actives to improve color protection against these and other damage types.
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