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Section: Research

Comparatively Speaking: Emulsion vs. Invert Emulsion

Industry expert Tony O'Lenick explains the difference between an emulsion and an invert emulsion.

Comparatively Speaking: Density vs. Specific Gravity

Formulators often are faced with product specifications for which the tests are not chemical but physical. Oftentimes, the terms describing these physical traits are not clearly defined. Two such terms are density and specific gravity.

Comparatively Speaking: Carbomer vs. Alkyl Carbomer

Tony O’Lenick looks to Sergio R.S. Costa, of Chemflex Quimica, to explain the difference between carbomer, a series of polymers of acrylic acid, and alkyl carbomer, copolylmerized acrylic acid and alkyl acrylate.

Comparatively Speaking: The Meaning of Subscripts

In this look at chemical structures, Tony O'Lenick reviews the meaning of subscripts in the context of polymers.

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The INCI Name Game: A Commentary

When misinformed groups play in a technical space, nontechnically trained regulators make irrelevant rules, and INCI names are generalized and misused, you have the perfect storm for consumer confusion.

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Comparatively Speaking: Silicon Dioxide, Silicon and Silicone

This column is intended to provide an understanding of the relationships between these raw materials and the silicones found in personal care.

Comparatively Speaking: Patent vs. Trade Secret

In this "Comparatively Speaking," Tony O'Lenick explains the difference between patents and trade secrets, both of which cosmetic chemists will encounter during their careers. This information will assist in determining whether a technology should be patented or maintained as a trade secret.

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Comparatively Speaking: Types of Flow Behavior

The following excerpt is adapted from an article by Kelly Dobos of Kao Corp. that discusses fluid viscosity of cosmetic products, specifically types of flow behavior, which can be used by the formulator to determine the rheological properties of formulations.

Comparatively Speaking: Issued Patent vs. Patent Applications

In this "Comparatively Speaking," Tony O'Lenick explains the difference between an issued patent and a patent application, noting the difference in numbering and pointing out that there can be many changes still made to a patent application.

Comparatively Speaking: Proteins vs. DNA vs. Sugars

Industry expert Tony O'Lenick discusses the structural differences between the biopolymers DNA, sugars and proteins, which are all important to life but function differently in the cell and in cosmetic products.

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Comparatively Speaking: Cosmetic Chemists as Patent Partners

Cosmetic chemists do not need to be patent experts but with a basic understanding of them, the chemist can advocate to the attorney to get the best patent from a technical point of view. This brief column provides some of the basics.

Comparatively Speaking: Fatty Surfactant vs. Fluoro Surfactant

Industry expert Tony O'Lenick asks: What is the difference between a fatty surfactant and a fluoro surfactant? Bruce Baker of ICT Chemicals Inc. provides the answer.

Stability Testing of Cosmetics: Call for Comments

The Personal Care Products Council is requesting public comments on a new Guideline for Stability Testing of Cosmetics by November 15, 2010.

Comparatively Speaking: Green vs. Greening Cosmetic Formulations

Tony O'Lenick explains the difference between 'green' cosmetic formulations and 'greening' cosmetic formulations, and introduces the concept of the Green Star Rating.

Comparatively Speaking: Ten Cosmetic Formula Types

Cosmetic formulas include solutions, creams/emulsions, lotions, ointments/pastes, suspensions, tablets, powders, gels, sticks and aerosols. Here, Tony O'Lenick turns to Perry Romanowski to discuss their differences.

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Words from Wiechers: One-way Communication

Talking to our customers is a critical step. The most basic question is: What do they expect of a cosmetic product? Furthermore, educating them by communicating the science through journalists is critical.

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Exclusive! Comedic Chemistry By Ken Klein

Industry expert Ken Klein brings a little comedy to the bench with a few chemistry riddles:

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Comparatively Speaking: Essential vs. Natural Oils

In the latest installment of his "Comparatively Speaking" column, Tony O'Lenick explores natural and essential oils and reviews their chemical characteristics.

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