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Section: Research > Literature/Data

Comparatively Speaking: Esters vs. Lactones

Industry expert Tony O'Lenick asks Mark Garrison of Avon to explain the difference between esters and lactones, such as lactones being esters in a ring formation.

Compass--Cosmetics & Toiletries Today

The Cosmetics & Toiletries magazine team members’ commitment to our readers is evident in multiple ways: our unique content, our brilliant authors and the recent birth of C&T digital. Our pledge continues, evidenced by our latest launch—C&T Today. This biweekly newsletter, free to subscribers, provides breaking news from both the R&D personal care world, as well as other areas that fringe our industry such as food and pharmaceutical. C&T Today offers insights from around the world reported in our News and In the Mix sections. We also bring exclusive columns from industry experts including, “What’s Wrong with this Formula?” and “Comparatively Speaking.”

Comparatively Speaking: Cosmetic Preservatives

To serve the novice cosmetic chemist and/or refresh the seasoned formulator, Tony O’Lenick asks Perry Romanowski: Why is cosmetic preservation necessary, and why are preservatives vilified?

Comparatively Speaking: Ether vs. Ester

By Tony O'Lenick
In today’s competitive world, the cosmetic chemist must be a person of skill in cosmetic science. Beyond this, the formulator also must possess a great deal of artistic ability...

Comparatively Speaking: Copyright vs. Trademark

In this "Comparatively Speaking," Tony O'Lenick explains the difference between a copyright and a trademark, as he finds that they protect different rights.

Comparatively Speaking: Emulsion vs. Colloid

Industry expert Anthony O'Lenick, Jr., explains the different between an emulsion and a colloid.

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Comparatively Speaking: Hydrotrope vs. Emulsifier

Both emulsifiers and hydrotropes are used in personal care formulas. They show several similarities but serve different functions. In this installment of our "Comparatively Speaking" series, Tony O'Lenick explains.

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Comparatively Speaking: Lips vs. Skin

If you're a "lip reader," you may know why lips tend to chap more than skin. Or why they're usually reddish in color. If you don't know why, this edition of "Comparatively Speaking" gives you a nice primer.

Molecular Weight of Compound vs. Polymer

Compounds generally have one molecular weight but polymers are different; their molecular weight usually is a bell-shaped curve of a distribution of molecular weights.

Comparatively Speaking: Solubility vs. Partition Coefficient

Here, industry expert Tony O'Lenick explains the difference between solubility and partition coefficient, as the understanding can lead to a better delivery of a formulation's materials.

Comparatively Speaking: Complex Esters from Neopentyl Glycol vs. Trimethylol Propane vs. Pentaerythritol

Complex esters are an important class of compounds in the personal care market. These include fatty derivatives if neopentyl glycol, trimethylol propane and pentaerythritol.

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Comparatively Speaking: Natural Oil Grades

The use of natural oils (triglycerides) is becoming more important for sustainable and biodegradable formulas but oils are processed in many grades. In this article, Tony O'Lenick explores their differences.

Comparatively Speaking: Wetting vs. Superwetting

In this edition of "Comparatively Speaking," industry expert Tony O'Lenick discusses the terms wetting and superwetting in relation to the ability of a surfactant to wet a substrate.

Comparatively Speaking: GLC vs. GPC

Tony O'Lenick explains the difference between two types of chromatography: gas liquid chromatography (GLC) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC), both used to separate compounds in mixtures.

Comparatively Speaking: Amide vs. Protein

Proteins are made in living systems at low temperatures using enzymes. Low molecular weight proteins, referred to as polypeptides, can also be man-made.

Comparatively Speaking: Urethanes vs. Amides

Industry expert Tony O'Lenick explains that urethanes and amides differ in structure, in the raw materials used to make them, and in their function in cosmetic formulations.

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Comparatively Speaking: Genome vs. Epigenome

Reviving our highly popular "Comparatively Speaking" column, here, Tony O'Lenick asks Howard Epstein, Ph.D.: "What's the difference between the genome and the epigenome?" Read on to learn more.

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Comparatively Speaking: Soluble vs. Insoluble

What’s the difference between something that is soluble vs. insoluble? Tony O’Lenick explores this notion. At first, he writes, this may seem quite simple but a deeper investigation provides formulation insight.

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