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In vitro
New in In vitro (page 12 of 14)
Dec 23, 2005 | 02:59 PM CST
Evaluating Shampoo Foam
By: Ken Klein
There is probably no personal care category that is more competitive than shampoos. With this in mind, formulators of shampoos are asked by marketing to develop products to both appeal to consumers and perform (whatever “perform” means).
Dec 23, 2005 | 02:36 PM CST
Liquid Crystals in O/W Emulsions with Urea: Development and Testing
By: O.D.H. Santos, F. Sacai, M. Ferrari and P.A. R…
Using a ternary phase diagram, the authors developed systems based on nonionic surfactants, light paraffin oil, water, and (optionally) urea. Systems in which lamellar liquid crystals formed and in which urea was an ingredient showed higher occlusive power and lower TEWL in in vitro tests.
Nov 01, 2005 | 03:10 PM CST
Ceramides in Skin Stress: Ultraviolet, Tape Stripping, and Crowding
By: Myeong Jun Choi, Ph.D., and Howard I. Maibach,…
Stress induces changes in the ceramide content of the skin, and may lead to compromised barrier function or skin diseases. Skin has ways of responding to these stresses, as we review here in the case of skin stressed by tape stripping, organic solvents, overcrowding, and ultraviolet (UV) irradiation.
Nov 01, 2005 | 02:52 PM CST
Torsional Behavior of Human Hair by Single Fiber Torsion Pendulum Method
By: Y. K. Kamath, TRI
Torsional properties are described by the author as a method to distinguish between the surface and the bulk effects of actives in hair formulations.
Jan 07, 2004 | 04:11 PM CST
A Laboratory Method for Measuring the Water Resistance of Sunscreens
By: Berislav Markovic, Donna Laura and Mark Rerek,…
A new laboratory in vitro method for the measurement of sunscreen water resistance uses spectrophotometric analysis of a model skin substitute before and after 80-minute immersion. It gives good correlation with the FDA’s 80-minute immersion SPF results (very water resistant). The method is especially good for screening new formulations or water-resistant technologies.
May 06, 2003 | 02:00 AM CDT
Testing for Dioxin and Furan Contamination in Triclosan
By: J. Menoutis and A. I. Parisi, Quantex Laborato…
Each batch of triclosan should be analyzed for trace amounts of 2 3 7 8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and 2 3 7 8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran, which can form as unwanted manufacturing by-products, as shown in triclosan from six commercial Asian sources.
May 06, 2003 | 02:00 AM CDT
Literature and Patent Review: Analytical and Test Methodologies 1990-2000, Part II
By: Charles Fox, Charles Fox Associates
From more than 40 technical sources published in the 1990s, the author reviews new safety tests and methodologies for evaluating preservatives, sunscreens and a variety of skin parameters.
May 06, 2003 | 02:00 AM CDT
CTFA Preservative Challenge and Stability Testing Survey
By: The Cosmetic Toiletry and Fragrance Associatio…
CTFA conducted a survey in 1999 to determine the consistency of the industry's procedures for preservative and stability testing used by the cosmetic industry.
May 06, 2003 | 02:00 AM CDT
Open Assay Models (Washing) for Evaluating Subclinical Irritant Dermatitis
By: Howard I. Maibach, MD, and Veranne Charbonnier…
To avoid the acute irritation and dryness that a sincle occlusive surfactant application (24-h) patch tes4t may cause, and to more realistically approximate actual consumer use, an open assay model was chosen.
May 06, 2003 | 02:00 AM CDT
Testing A New Platform for Skin Care Emulsions
By: Anja Gestmann, Valerie Bonnardel and Jocelyne …
The authors describe how to test an ingredient for its potential as a skin care emulsion platform using, as an example, a new starch-based ingredient called hydroxypropyl starch phosphate.