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Methods & Processes
New in Methods & Processes (page 17 of 17)
Dec 23, 2005 | 04:01 PM CST
Personal Care Wipes: Manufacturing Practices & Microbiological Control
By: John I. Yablonski and Sharon E. Mancuso, Bio-C…
In order to control microbial contamination in personal care wet wipes, one must understand the substrate raw materials, the requirements of the manufacturing environment, the complexity of the product system and the specialized equipment employed in the processing and packaging operations.
Dec 13, 2005 | 11:33 PM CST
Trademarks
By: Larry Plonsker, Chemical Network Associates
Technology licensing is a large and important business activity for those companies and institutions that generate technology. In this column, we always feature technologies available for license, mainly from universities, but many companies, large and small, utilize technology licensing to generate significant income. What is surprising is that technology licensing is not the major segment of the licensing business. According to an article by Weston Anso1 in a Trademark World article, “the corporate trademark/brand licensing segment is now the largest segment of the licensing industry and has had the greatest and most consistent growth over the last decade.” We are all familiar with trademarks as we see them everywhere we are exposed to advertising or branded products. This article will try to provide an understanding of what constitutes a trademark, how you get them and how to value and use them.
Dec 13, 2005 | 10:33 PM CST
Linking Sensory and Rheology Characteristics
By: Vincent A.L. Wortel, Cornelis Verboom, Johann …
The authors introduce a method to use rheological properties (such as dynamic viscosity and yield stress) to describe and predict skin sensory attributes (such as cohesiveness) of cosmetic products. This is a first step in learning to use emulsion structure to predict sensory attributes.
Dec 13, 2005 | 10:08 PM CST
Evaluating a “New” Emulsifier
By: Ken Klein, Cosmetech Laboratories
Cosmetic chemists are constantly being bombarded by “new” raw materials from suppliers. We welcome this “bombardment” as it gives us the opportunity to be more creative in our formulation efforts. I think it is worthwhile to step back and look at how a formulator should evaluate a new material before deciding whether or not to use it. Let’s focus our attention on emulsifiers (one of my favorite topics).
Dec 01, 2005 | 03:57 PM CST
Properties of Surfactants: Emulsions
By: Anthony J. O'Lenick, Jr., Siltech LLC
The metastable nature of two insoluble materials is critical to understanding the nature and performance of emulsions. This metastability and the requirement that the emulsion be cosmetically appealing offer unique challenges to the formulator.
Aug 03, 2005 | 01:05 PM CDT
Enabling Advanced Emulsions in Microchannel Architecture
By: L. Silva, A.L. Tonkovich, D. Qiu, P. Neagle, K…
An innovative emulsification technology is demonstrated, which can be applied to surfactant-free emulsions and has the propensity for stimuli-responsive behavior. The technology can be used to allow previously difficult product formulations with shear-sensitive materials and controlled, droplet size distribution.
May 06, 2003 | 02:00 AM CDT
Transition Metal-Induced Oxidation: Implications for Skin Care Products
By: Ratan K. Chaudhuri and Germain Puccetti, Rona/…
Transition metals in the skin affect the skin's pro-oxidation response to external stresses, well-known antioxidants and common chelating agents. The chemistry of transition metal-induced oxidation has implications for the development of skin care product
May 06, 2003 | 02:00 AM CDT
Refractive Index Matching: Principles and Cosmetic Applications
By: James Ziming Sun, PhD, Michael C. Erickson and…
Clear emulsion formulas can be achieved by matching refractive indexes (RI) of water phase and oil phase. The match is achieved by varying the ratio of water and glycols, as show in several skin and hair care formulas.
May 06, 2003 | 02:00 AM CDT
Low-Energy Emulsification: Beyond Energy Conversation
By: T. Joseph Lin, PhD, Consulting Chemical Engine…
The quality of emulsions manufactured with low-energy emulsification can be equal or even superior to the same emulsions made by a conventional hot process if conditions are optimized.
May 06, 2003 | 02:00 AM CDT
Lead, Manganese and Mercury: Metals in Personal Care Products
By: Jurij J. Hostynek and Howard I. Maibach, MD, U…
This article is the fourth in a series reviewing the metals present in personal care products. Earlier installments appeared in January 1998, Toxic Potential from Metals Absorbed through the Skin (pages 33-42); March 1999, Metals in Personal-Care Products, (pages 47-56); and August 2000, Chromium, Cobalt, Copper and Iron: Metals in Personal-Care Products, (pages 52-65).